Learning ledger
What I'm learning, what I got wrong and what I still can't answer. I explain things here to find out whether I understand them, and this page keeps the record of where that broke down.
69 entries · last entryEvery article on this site ends with a note on where I got stuck or what I'm still checking. Those notes are collected below, alongside the corrections I've made since the site went up and the questions the weekly source checks have raised. Each entry is dated and links to the page it came from. When a question is answered, the entry stays and says so.
If you can answer one of the open questions, or you've spotted something I've got wrong, tell me on LinkedIn. Corrections make the next version better.
What I got wrong
Corrections to this site, with what the page said before and what it says now.
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Correction
Spending policies have a floor: 2,000 credits per person a month
- Before
- A Cowork policy for 25 people with a 40,000-credit limit, set below the sum of the user limits because not everyone uses their full allowance in the same month.
- After
- A per-user limit of 2,000 credits and a policy limit of 50,000 (25 × 2,000), the lowest I'd expect Microsoft to accept.
This was a rule that changed under me rather than a slip. Microsoft's usage-based billing page, updated on 13 October 2026, now says to set at least 2,000 credits per user per month and that a policy must meet the minimum for the people it covers. My old worked example quietly assumed I could overbook a policy the way you'd overbook a meeting room. Who gets the pooled allowance? changed too: a reclaimed per-user limit can't go below the minimum.
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Correction
"Copilot will find everything"
- Before
- Fix the permissions first, because Copilot will find everything.
- After
- Copilot only shows people what they can already open, so if too many people can open too much, fix the permissions first.
The old line made Copilot sound like a search engine that digs out hidden files. It doesn't: it works inside each person's existing access. The real problem is oversharing, where too many people can already open too much, and Copilot just makes that easier to notice. The guide's infographic said the same wrong thing and was redrawn with the new wording.
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Correction
The break-even was 20 minutes a week, not 12
- Before
- Break-even is about 12 minutes a week, per active user.
- After
- About 20 minutes a week per active user when 60% of licensed people use it, or about 12 if everyone does.
The FAQ and the calculator on the same page disagreed. I'd worked the 12 minutes out per licence and then described it as per active user. With the calculator's own assumptions (£25 a month, £30 an hour, 60% active), each active user has to save about 20 minutes a week. It's a small slip, but it's exactly the kind a budget holder would catch, and it's why every calculator input on that page is now labelled as an assumption.
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Correction
A decision model returns a probability for every option
- Before
- Fixed options in, one option plus confidence out.
- After
- The facts of the case and a fixed list of options go in, and a probability for each option comes out. The highest one is the answer; how high it is tells you how sure the model is.
My shorthand was incomplete. Microsoft-Decision-1 takes the case and the list of options, and scores every option, so you can see how close the runner-up was. That matters for decisions: a 51/49 split and a 95/5 split shouldn't be handled the same way.
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Correction
Home, Code and Autopilot were announced, not finished
- Before
- The Capabilities intros described Home, Code and Autopilot as settled facts, with no source, date or status.
- After
- Microsoft announced them on 25 September 2026. As of 11 October 2026, Home and Code were rolling out through the Frontier programme and Autopilot was in private preview.
I'd written up an announcement as though it were the product. Preview features change, so the page now says where each one stood on the day I checked, and links Microsoft's post.
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Correction
Azure AI Foundry is now Microsoft Foundry
- Before
- Azure AI Foundry.
- After
- Microsoft Foundry (formerly Azure AI Foundry).
I was still using the old name in my own About text. Microsoft Learn now calls it Microsoft Foundry. I keep "formerly Azure AI Foundry" once, because many people still know it by that name.
Open questions
Questions I can't answer yet. The first few come from the weekly source checks; the rest are the "What I'm still checking" notes at the end of articles.
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Open questionOpen
How does Microsoft add up the policy minimum?
Microsoft says the policy limit must be "at or above the required minimum for eligible users covered by the policy", but doesn't give the sum in words. I've read it as 2,000 credits for each person in scope, and the article says that's my reading. Microsoft's own Cowork page still uses a one-credit policy as its example, so the two pages disagree. The answer will come from the guidance the admin center shows when you create a policy.
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Open questionOpen
Should I use Microsoft's new names for the Copilot tiers?
Microsoft's Copilot overview, updated on 14 October 2026, compares "Copilot Chat (Basic)", "Microsoft 365 Copilot (Basic)" and "Microsoft 365 Copilot (Premium)", and says usage-based billing needs the Premium licence. This site says "Copilot Chat" and "the Copilot licence", and so does Microsoft's UK pricing page as I write this. I haven't decided which to follow. The new names are more precise, but they'd change about 20 articles, and I'd want to understand what separates Basic from Premium before I explain it to anyone else.
From the articles (46)
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Open questionCapabilities · Cowork
Spending policies for Cowork: access and budget in one setting
I'm not sure how Microsoft handles someone who's in two Cowork policies with different limits. Microsoft links a separate page on how access is determined across policies, which I haven't worked through yet. I'd avoid overlapping policies until I have.
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Open questionCost · Underspend pooling
Who gets the pooled allowance? A fair rule
I'm not sure the shortfall measure is fair to people who stop asking once they hit a limit. Someone who gives up and does the work by hand shows no shortfall at all. I'd like to test whether a short weekly "did a limit stop you?" question catches them better than the request…
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Open questionWork · Tasks to decisions
Frequency, stakes, reversibility: a scoring guide
The stakes bands mix money, people and compliance, and taking the highest can overstate decisions that are mainly about money. I've kept it simple for now. A fuller version might score the three separately, but I'm wary of adding columns people won't fill in.
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Open questionWork · Role cards
Case manager
Case records often contain sensitive personal data about health, family or finances. Before using any AI tool on them, I'd want to confirm the oversharing position on the sites where records live, as in…
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Open questionWork · Role cards
Service desk analyst
I've assumed analysts check each suggestion. In practice, accepting becomes automatic over time, as described in Controls people actually keep. For priority, I'd want a weekly sample of accepted suggestions to catch drift.
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Open questionWork · Work data you already hold
What your approval logs already know
Many logs record only the final outcome and miss any conversation that happened outside the system, such as a quick call that resolved a query. Where that's common, the log understates how much work a decision takes. I haven't found a good way to measure it except by asking.
Show the other 40 notes
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Open questionWork · Work data you already hold
Ticket logs as a map of decisions
A changed category might mean the first choice was wrong, or that new information arrived that nobody could have known at first. The log doesn't distinguish them. I'd sample 50 changed tickets and read them, to estimate what share were genuine errors before using the change rate…
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Open questionDecisions · Decision records
A 30-second capture in Teams
Confidence is the field people are least comfortable with. Some will leave it blank or always write 50%. I'd offer five fixed options (50, 60, 70, 80, 90%) rather than free text, and see whether that helps. Once there are enough records…
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Open questionDecisions · Method library
Every method on this site, on one page
Some methods overlap, especially the risk register and the risk map. I'm keeping both for now because they answer different questions, but I'd like feedback on whether the list is easier to use shorter.
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Open questionDecisions · Method library
How the method library works
One planned method, the Decision Diagnostic, is listed in this collection as coming. I haven't written it up in full yet, and I'd rather wait than publish a half-version.
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Open questionCapabilities · Start here: decision models
Where a decision model sits in a Copilot agent
Microsoft's documentation says scores "can change based on how you phrase or order questions and options" and suggests testing option order. I want to see how large that effect is on a real routing task before I'd trust a single threshold across wording changes.
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Open questionCapabilities · Home, Code and Autopilot
The philosophy: Copilot as the OS for work
I haven't used Autopilot or Code myself, because both are in early access. Everything above about them comes from Microsoft's own descriptions. I'll update this page when I've tried them.
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Open questionCapabilities · Home, Code and Autopilot
What changes for your licences
Microsoft's message centre posts about this change (MC1479276 and MC1479277) say usage-based billing rolls out in Copilot during the fourth quarter of 2026, and that Code and Autopilot need a Copilot licence plus a spending policy. I've only read those posts through a…
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Open questionCapabilities · Copilot Chat
What Copilot Chat can see, and what it can't
I'd like to confirm how the new Home experience, which merges Chat and Cowork, changes what unlicensed Copilot Chat users see. Microsoft's pricing table currently shows Cowork as unavailable in Copilot Chat and metered for licensed users, but the experience is changing quickly.
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Open questionCapabilities · Copilot Chat
Agents in Copilot Chat: included or metered
I haven't confirmed how a single agent that mixes public web content and SharePoint content is billed when an answer only uses the public part. Microsoft's rates are per event, so I'd expect only grounding events to be charged, but I'd test it in a pilot environment before…
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Open questionCapabilities · Microsoft 365 Copilot
What the paid Copilot licence adds
Time saved is the weakest number in the example, because people are poor at estimating it. I'd rather measure it on a few real tasks before and after than rely on a survey. I'm also watching how the September 2026 changes to Home and Cowork shift what the licence alone includes.
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Open questionCapabilities · Microsoft 365 Copilot
Working out who needs a Copilot licence
I haven't found a Microsoft report that shows how much of someone's Copilot use touched their organisational content compared with the web. That would answer my first question directly. Until I find one, I ask people.
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Open questionCapabilities · Notebooks
Notebooks: one place for the sources behind a decision
I haven't tested how reliably a notebook says "that isn't in the references" when asked something outside them. I'd test that with a question I know the answer to before trusting it on a real decision.
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Open questionCapabilities · Notebooks
Sharing a notebook: what others can then open
I'm not sure how sharing works when the notebook owner later adds a new reference. My reading is that sharing is evaluated per linked file, but I haven't found Microsoft guidance on whether new references are automatically shared with existing members. I'd test it before relying…
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Open questionCapabilities · Pages
Where Pages live, and what happens when someone leaves
I haven't tested how shared links from other people's pages behave during the retention period, before deletion. Microsoft's guidance says links stop working after deletion, but it isn't clear to me whether collaborators keep access during the retention period without a…
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Open questionCapabilities · Agent Builder
What Agent Builder is for
Microsoft notes that auto-sharing SharePoint files with an agent only works when sharing with specific security groups, so file permissions might need updating by hand. I'd like to test what a user sees when the agent can't open its own knowledge file for them.
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Open questionCapabilities · Agent Builder
Agent Builder limits worth knowing before you start
The table shows what can be added. I haven't found Microsoft guidance on how answer quality changes as an agent approaches 100 files. I'd test it with real questions before assuming more sources means better answers.
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Open questionCapabilities · Copilot Studio
When to move from Agent Builder to Copilot Studio
I haven't tested what carries across when an Agent Builder agent is copied to Copilot Studio, such as embedded files and sharing settings. I'd check that on a test agent before moving a popular one.
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Open questionCapabilities · Copilot Studio
Reading a Copilot Studio bill in Copilot Credits
I haven't found a simple way to see credits per conversation for a specific agent, which is the number I'd want to compare with the estimate. The environment-level view tells you the total. I'd run a short pilot with known conversation counts to back out the real figure.
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Open questionCapabilities · Cowork
Cowork: delegating a whole task
I don't yet have a feel for how many credits a typical task like the weekly note uses. Microsoft links a Cowork cost estimator from its admin documentation, and I'd compare that estimate with /cost after a few weeks of real use.
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Open questionCapabilities · Foundry
Foundry in plain terms
Foundry has changed quickly, including a new portal and a move from hub-based projects. Microsoft says some platform capabilities, such as built-in monitoring dashboards, are in preview and points to a general availability overview for current status. I'd check that page before…
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Open questionCapabilities · Foundry
Choosing a deployment type in Foundry
Model availability differs by region and deployment type, and Microsoft keeps a separate region availability page for each category. I haven't checked which current models are offered as regional deployments in UK regions. That's the first thing I'd look up for a real project.
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Open questionRisk · Prioritise
Likelihood, impact and reversibility on one sheet
The formula is my own, and I haven't tested it against how a group would rank the same rows by discussion alone. I'd like to try that comparison with a real team. If the ranking matches discussion most of the time, the formula is saving effort. If it often disagrees, the formula…
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Open questionRisk · Prioritise
Why reversibility deserves its own column
Partial reversibility is hard to score. An apology letter partly undoes a badly worded reply, but not entirely. For now I score those as 3 and write a note. I haven't found a cleaner way that doesn't add another column.
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Open questionRisk · Mitigate and track
Review dates that happen
I'm unsure how to set the "error rate moves" trigger without enough data to know the normal range. For a new agent, I'd set a deliberately cautious limit for the first two months and widen it once the weekly sample shows what normal looks like.
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Open questionRisk · Nudges
Nudge patterns with Power Automate, Teams and Autopilot
Adaptive cards that wait for a response can be left unanswered. I haven't settled on a standard for what a flow should do if nobody responds within a set time: escalate, repeat or default to the safe option. My current view is to default to the safest choice and tell the owner's…
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Open questionRisk · Governance stack
Agent 365 in plain terms
Microsoft's feature table is detailed but changes often, and a note on the same page says Agent 365 meets FedRAMP High controls with final authorisation pending, which suggests the service is still settling. I'd re-read the table before any licensing decision.
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Open questionRisk · Governance stack
Purview and Copilot: oversharing checks before rollout
Microsoft now has two versions of DSPM: a classic DSPM for AI and a newer DSPM that it says replaces it. The oversharing assessments appear in both. I haven't confirmed which licences each requires, so I'd check the Purview service description before planning around them.
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Open questionCost · Start here
Cost per decision: the number I'd track first
I haven't found a clean way to allocate seat licences to decision types. Asking people to estimate their split works, but it's an estimate, and I'd rather label it as one than pretend the number is more precise than it is. I'm also checking how Microsoft's new cost reports group…
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Open questionCost · Budgets
Budgeting for an agent before it goes live
I don't yet know how well a design-time estimate holds up for agents with open-ended conversations, where the number of questions per conversation varies a lot. I'd like a month of real logs from a pilot before trusting any range for those.
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Open questionCost · Forecasts
Forecasting Copilot Credits from decision volumes
For Copilot experiences billed through the Microsoft 365 admin center, such as Cowork, I haven't yet confirmed what forecasting the new Cost Management dashboard offers beyond trends and limits. Until I've seen it, I'd build the forecast in a spreadsheet from volumes and compare…
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Open questionCost · Licence or pay-as-you-go
Seat licence or Copilot Credits: the break-even
Prices here are list prices checked on 11 October 2026. Enterprise agreements set their own prices, so your figure may differ, and exchange rates move. I also want to confirm how the 12-credit pattern holds for agents with several grounding calls per answer, since that would…
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Open questionCost · Licence or pay-as-you-go
Light users, heavy users: splitting a team
I haven't checked how Microsoft's annual subscription terms treat reassigning a licence mid-term between people. My understanding is that a licence can be moved from one user to another within the tenant, but the number of licences is fixed for the term. I'd confirm that against…
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Open questionRoadmap · The plan
The plan as a decision model
Learning value is the score I'm least sure how to judge in advance. Some topics I expect to be easy turn out to teach me the most, because explaining them exposes a gap. I may start scoring it after writing instead, as a way of calibrating my guesses.
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Open questionRoadmap · The plan
How I choose what to write next
I don't yet have a good way to hear which gaps readers notice. For now I go by what's empty or thin. A simple feedback route, with no sign-up and no sales, would help, and it's something I'm considering for after the current round of articles.
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Open questionRoadmap · Quarterly notes
Quarterly note for October 2026
I haven't decided what to measure each quarter beyond delivery against plan. I don't want traffic numbers to drive the writing, and the site carries no offers until 2027, so there are no sales figures either. Something like "questions answered" might be better, if I can find an…
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Open questionRoadmap · Horizon scanning
Reading a Microsoft 365 roadmap item properly
I haven't confirmed how reliably roadmap IDs appear in Message center posts. Many posts reference them, but I don't know if all do. Until I'm sure, I search the Message center by feature name as well as ID.
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Open questionRoadmap · What I'm building
Decision-model starter for Foundry
I don't yet know how well a general model's stated probabilities match reality for this kind of task. That's the biggest open question, and the test set exists to answer it. Microsoft says some Foundry monitoring dashboards are in preview, so I plan to keep my own log as well…
What I'm learning
The "Where I got stuck" notes from the end of articles: the part of each idea that took me longest to explain.
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Where I got stuckWork · Start here
Why I start with the work
The work-first approach takes time before anything visible happens, and that's hard to defend when there's pressure to show progress. My best answer so far is to keep the first round small: one role, two days, ten decisions. That's enough to choose well without stalling.
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Where I got stuckDecisions · Game theory at work
The budget contest
The central reserve works only if teams trust that they'll get money from it when they need it. If the first request is refused or delayed, the old behaviour comes back. I think the reserve needs a published rule for drawing on it, decided in advance, and I haven't yet written…
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Where I got stuckCapabilities · Start here: decision models
Four jobs AI tools do for a decision
The line between drafting and acting is getting blurry. Microsoft describes Cowork as a way to delegate a task that "runs end-to-end to return a completed result", which is acting, while the output is often a document, which is drafting. I've kept Cowork under act because it…
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Where I got stuckRisk · Start here
Start a risk register from the decision inventory
The hardest column is "how long before anyone would notice". People tend to answer with how long it should take. So I ask for the last time an error of that kind was actually found, and how. If nobody can remember one, I write "unknown", which is itself a finding.
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Where I got stuckRisk · Risk map
Mapping risk to work activities
The trap I keep running into on paper is too many activities, until every cell gets a mark and nothing stands out. My working limit is about ten activities per role. If a role has more, I group them, then split only the rows that light up.
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Where I got stuckRisk · Mitigate and track
Controls people actually keep
The four tests favour automated controls, which can make it look as if people aren't needed. I mean the opposite: the aim is to put people's attention where it's most useful: on the uncertain, high-stakes cases and on the sample. I'm still looking for a way to say that clearly…
Show the other 8 notes
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Where I got stuckRisk · Nudges
A nudge is a small decision too
The cost of lost trust is real and hard to put a figure on. I've folded it into the false alarm cost as a rough uplift, which is a judgement call. A better approach would be to measure how response times change as false alarms rise, but that needs more data than a new nudge has.
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Where I got stuckCost · Budgets
Budgets that follow teams and agents
I'm still unsure how cleanly the two admin centres will join up. Microsoft's September 2026 announcement says cost management in Agent 365 is expanding to cover agents built in Copilot Studio, planned for October. Until that's live and I've seen it, I'm treating team budgets and…
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Where I got stuckCost · Forecasts
Forecasting AI spend as a range
The high case is the hardest to set honestly. It's tempting to make it a round multiple of the likely case. I've tried to build it from named events (a peak month, a second team, a model change) because then someone can say whether each event is plausible. I'm not sure yet how…
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Where I got stuckCost · Weekly review
The 20-minute weekly review agenda
I haven't settled how far to automate the pack. A Power Automate flow could pull some figures, but not every admin centre view has an export I've confirmed, and I'd rather have a slightly manual pack that's right than an automated one that quietly drops a source. That's on my…
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Where I got stuckCost · Weekly review
Reading the Copilot usage report for licence decisions
The report tells you who used Copilot. It can't tell you what that use was worth. Someone active on two days a month might use it for the one task where it saves them a day. I haven't found a report that captures that, so for borderline cases I still ask the person. The…
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Where I got stuckRoadmap · Quarterly notes
What goes in a quarterly note
The "decisions I'm changing" section is the hardest to write. It's easy to list what shipped and harder to say "I chose badly here". I've added a rule that each note must name at least one decision I'd make differently, even if it's small.
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Where I got stuckRoadmap · Horizon scanning
How I score a roadmap item for attention
Impact is the score I find hardest to keep consistent. A feature that's minor for most staff can be major for an admin or a compliance team. I now score impact for the group most affected and note who that is, so I can see why I scored it that way.
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Where I got stuckRoadmap · What I'm building
Threshold calculator
The three-way version breaks if the review cost is higher than the expected cost of acting or stopping everywhere. In that case the "ask" band disappears, and the stop line can end up above the act line. The calculator has to detect that and fall back to the two-way answer, with…
A question to take awayWhat's the last thing you were sure about at work that turned out to be wrong, and where did you write that down?